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Basanite  and Ignimbrite


Ignimbrite and Basanite 


Definition

Definition
Basanite is a black basaltic rock which mainly contains plagioclase, augite, olivine and nepheline and is formerly used as a touchstone   
Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows   

History
  
  

Origin
Unknown   
New Zealand   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Patrick Marshall   

Etymology
From Latin basanites + -ite   
From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite   

Class
Igneous Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Not Applicable   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   
Aphanitic   

Color
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White   
Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White   

Maintenance
Less   
More   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
Yes   
No   

Wind Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
Yes   
No   

Appearance
Glassy or Pearly   
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Homes   
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings   
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone   

Other Architectural Uses
Whetstones   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Arrowheads, Construction Aggregate, Cutting Tool, Spear Points   
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments   
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
As a touchstone, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, In fire-starting tools, Manufacture of tools, Metallurgical Flux, Jewelry, To ignite fire, Used in flintlock firearms   
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork   

Types

Types
Nepheline-Basanite, Analcite-Basanite and Leucite-Basanite   
Not Available   

Features
Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Used as a touchstone   
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used   
Used   

Famous Monuments
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Sculpture
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Not Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Not Used   
Used   

Figurines
Not Yet Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Basanite is a fine-grained, hard rock that forms when bits of lava shoot out of volcanoes.   
Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Augite, Feldspar, Ilmenite, Olivine, Plagioclase   
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz   

Compound Content
Potassium Oxide, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide   
Ca, NaCl   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
7   
4-6   

Grain Size
Fine Grained   
Fine Grained   

Fracture
Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal   
Uneven   

Streak
White   
White   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Highly Porous   

Luster
Waxy and Dull   
Vitreous to Dull   

Compressive Strength
Not Available   
243.80 N/mm2   
5

Cleavage
Non-Existent   
Not Available   

Toughness
1.5   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
2.5-2.8   
2.73   

Transparency
Translucent to Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
2.7 g/cm3   
1-1.8 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.74 kJ/Kg K   
19
0.20 kJ/Kg K   
25

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Not Yet Found   
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen   

Africa
Uganda   
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda   

Europe
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain   
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom   

Others
Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge   
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
USA   
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA   

South America
Bolivia, Brazil   
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia   
Central Australia, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Basanite  and Ignimbrite Properties

Know all about Basanite  and Ignimbrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Basanite  and Ignimbrite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Basanite  is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic. Basanite  appears Glassy or Pearly and Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Basanite  is waxy and dull while that of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull. Basanite  is available in black, brown, green, grey, red, white colors whereas Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Basanite  are as a touchstone, creating artwork, gemstone, in fire-starting tools, manufacture of tools, metallurgical flux, jewelry, to ignite fire, used in flintlock firearms and that of Ignimbrite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.

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